1.+Internet+Search+Literature+List

=Internet Search and Literature List =

= Internet Search =


 * [[image:Oracle.png width="73" height="76" align="left"]]

1.** **ORACLE Education Foundation: Think Quest** http://library.thinkquest.org/en/ · **Pioneers** http://library.thinkquest.org/6400/default.htm This website contains a wealth of information about the lifestyle and accomplishments of the Pioneers. Information includes who the pioneer’s were, where they traveled and why, the trails they took, what the traveling may have been like, what wagon trains were and what life on a wagon may be like. There is also links to information about pioneer cooking practices, fire building, river crossing, pioneer tools and utensils, first aid, pastimes and games, dangers on the trail, and pioneer children’s toys. · **School Life** http://library.thinkquest.org/J002611F/school.htm This page offers descriptions of the lessons taught in pioneer schools. Descriptions of and some directions to make different learning tools the pioneer children used and videos of student simulation of a day in a pioneer one-room school house. · **Daily Life** http://library.thinkquest.org/J002611F/daily_life.htm This page contains descriptions of the types of chores a pioneer child was responsible for doing on a daily basis. It also mentions the gender roles associated with children’s chores and how children learned the chores of their respective gender. There is a link for a glossary of terms associated with the chores. There is also link to a simulation of pioneer children farming and instructions for making candles a chore of pioneer children. · **Pioneer Life** http://library.thinkquest.org/J001587/?tqskip1=1 This site was created by fourth grade students on ThinkQuest junior it contains their research about pioneer life, hardships, towns and so forth. As well as book reviews for historical fiction books about pioneer life and accompanying quizzes. This page also contains a reference list for more sites and books about pioneer life. 2.** **Pioneer Life** http://www.42explore2.com/pioneer.htm This website contains a brief synopsis of who pioneers were and links to a variety of specific pioneer lessons including: At home on the fringes of the prairie, The Homestead Act, Pioneer Life, and Pioneer information. These links have information for teachers in regards to lessons, links to other informative sites, timelines, maps, artifact photographs, and newspaper ads. This site also has several pioneer related Webquests however, some are no longer available.
 * [[image:second_website.png width="62" height="50"]]

http://www.ndstudies.org/resources/activites/es/pioneer.html This website contains many common pioneer children’s games both indoor and outdoor. The links provide the name of the game and a description of how to play it. I would actually have the children participate in these different games and could even ask the physical education teachers if they could include some of the outdoor games in their plans. This site also has some resource links to other sites pertaining to pioneer games.
 * 3.** **Early Settlement of North Dakota**

http://www.dltk-kids.com/pioneer/index.htm This site contains several crafts and activities related to a unit on pioneers that students can create. Crafts include a log cabin and covered wagon craft, a letter from a school age pioneer girl that the students can write back to, songs and rhymes to accompany the crafts and more.
 * 4. Pioneer and Colonial Crafts**

http://www2.johnstown.k12.oh.us/cornell/FAQ.html This site contains frequently asked questions about the school life of pioneer children, there are several games pioneer children played at recess, information about the kind of lunch pioneer children would eat, how students would have only a potbelly stove to keep them warm at school in the winter, different discipline techniques pioneer teachers would use, information about rules for pioneer school children, information on school chores the students would be responsible for, and the types of clothing pioneer children would wear. It also has penmanship rules and an accompanying activity for students to practice penmanship as the pioneer children would.
 * 4.** **One-Room Schoolhouse Center**

6. **The Oregon Trail** http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Oregontrail.html This site is the official Oregon Trail site and contains an online mini-textbook with information on the history and the people who followed the Oregon Trail. It has a list of important sites along the Oregon Trail and a Fun Facts section which tells of interesting tidbits of related information about the trail. This sire also has an archive of copies of authentic Oregon Trail diaries of adults and children as well as period books and novels and memoirs of those who traveled the Oregon Trail. The site also has a store with an expansive children’s booklist which would be very helpful in planning.

7**. The Learning Page: Journeys West** http://memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/01/west/overview.html This site offers many lessons pertaining to American history. This page in particular offers lesson ideas for a fourth grade unit on the pioneer experience and their motivations for moving west. It features a teacher’s page with instructions for each lesson, a total of six, a rubric and how to implement the Webquest. There is a student page which contains the images and accompanying narratives that they will use in the lesson activities and Webquest.

http://www.projects.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/pioneer/pioneer_home.htm This website features information about a Canadian pioneer village and this page particularly provides information about the lifestyle of pioneer children in their log cabin. The more important points about the family’s home are mentioned. There is also a list of common chores the pioneer children would be responsible for according to gender and age. Also mentioned was the diet of the pioneer’s according to season.
 * 8. Pioneer Home**

www.makingfriends.com/**western**_**crafts**.htm ​ Provides different crafts that deal with pioneer times that can be made (or ordered).
 * 9. Making Friends**

nebraskahistory.org This website provides some history on the pioneer times as well as books that can be sold that deal with the pioneer era.
 * 10. Nebraska History**

This website has a lot of information on pioneer times. It also has different articles that tell you how to make things related to pioneer times.
 * 11. mormontrek.net**

[] This website provides tons of useful information describing what it is like to be a pioneer. It has information about life as a young pioneer child, an older pioneer child, the life of a woman and man during that time, and the entertainment as well as activities children used to keep them busy, and transportation used back then. For children, life on the prairie was very difficult. Girls and boys were expected to help out with the household chores until the age of ten and then at that time were required to help with the farm work. The children were expected to collect the eggs, feed the animals, weed the gardens, and make soaps and candles. The older children were asked to cook and do the laundry. Pioneer children did not get to wear clean clothes everyday because it was too hard for them to keep up with all that laundry. People during this time would bath about once a week because the water took too long to heat up and they would bath in order from oldest to youngest. They didn’t change the water in between each bath, which means the youngest child would have the coldest and dirtiest bath. They went to school in a one room log school house with no desks and would write on slate stone. They used ink of indigo and wrote with quill pens. The pioneer woman’s place was considered to be very hard and they never stopped. They spent their days caring for their children, cooking, and cleaning. Their main priority was their family. Pioneer men would work outside all day; tending to the farm and animals. Pioneers did not really have much for entertainment so they would chase frogs, play with homemade pull toys made out of wood and home made dolls. Entertainment was connected to social events such as weddings, dances, holidays, and visits from friends. For transportation, the pioneers would walk, use a horse, or ride in a wagon pulled by a horse.
 * 12. A Day in the Life of a Pioneer**

[] During the Pioneer times, woman and girls made all of the clothing and it was extremely uncomfortable. The girls and woman had to wear many layers such as petty coats, dresses and aprons. They also wore bonnets and high laced boots. The men and boys wore trousers with suspenders along with a plaid shirt. They also sometimes wore straw hats and high laced boots. For special occasions they would dress a little fancier and these clothes were called their “Sunday best.” Children often only had two outfits; one was to be worn the entire week and the other outfit was just to be worn for the special occasions. Only wealthy people dressed their children in the latest trends and could afford more than two outfits. Boys wore dresses until they were about five or six years old and girls never wore pants.
 * 13. Pioneer Clothing**

[|http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/fun.html] This site tells all about the toys that the pioneer children played with and the games they played indoors, outdoors, and in groups. Also when you click on some of the different games in this site it gives directions on how to play the game. Pioneer children had simple toys made from any available materials such as pebbles, rope, wood, and scraps of material. Dolls were made of scraps of material and wool. Most of the toys were mad out of wood and some of the games the children played are still being played today. Some of the kids outdoor active fun included skipping, This site tells all about the toys that the pioneer children played with and the games they played indoors, outdoors, and in groups. Also when you click on some of the different games in this site it gives directions on how to play the game. Pioneer children had simple toys made from any available materials such as pebbles, rope, wood, and scraps of material. Dolls were made of scraps of material and wool. Most of the toys were mad out of wood and some of the games the children played are still being played today. Some of the kids outdoor active fun included skipping, tag, hopscotch, hide and seek, and leapfrog. The indoor and less active activities were games such as I spy, spinning tops, marbles, checkers, and cards. Some games that the children played in groups were Simon says, who has the button?, and Shadow Some games that the children played in groups were Simon says, who has the button?, and Shadow tag.
 * 14. Pioneer Children-toys and games**


 * Sara DeMocker's Internet Search and Literature List**



==

**Literature List**
This book is the continuation of the story of a pioneer girl named Meg who after escaping a cholera outbreak in St. Louis moved to the Kansas territories with her family in 1856. It is written in a journal format and accounts for the harshness of pioneer life on the prairie and Meg’s family’s difficulties that are compounded by the effects of slavery in their territory and prairie fires that threaten to destroy their families homestead.
 * Historical Fiction**
 * //My America For This Land Meg’s Prairie Diary//** by Kate McMullan

[[image:Kirsten.png width="79" height="77"]]
This book is the continuation of the life-story of a fictional pioneer girl named Kirsten whose family, Swedish immigrants, are making a life for themselves on the American frontier in the 1850’s. This book features Kirsten’s efforts in an American one-room-school house and her struggle to properly learn English to please her stern teacher. The story also features Kirsten’s secret friendship with a Native American girl named Singing Bird and the struggles that result. //**Pioneer Girl: Growing Up on the Prairie**// By Andrea Warren Tells about the daily life and activities of pioneer girl growing up on the prairies of Nebraska.
 * The American Girl Collection //Kirsten Learns a Lesson//** by Janet Shaw

//**Pioneer Farm: Living on a farm in the 1880's**// By Megan O' Hara Uses the story of a young girl and her family to describe life on a small farm in Minnesota in the 19th century. //**Meet Kirsten**// By: Janet Shaw

This book is about an American Girl who is nine years old, named Kirsten. She and her family experience many hardships as they move from Sweden to the Minnesota frontier in 1854. Kirsten is a young pioneer girl who shows lots of strength and spirit in this story as she faces struggles in this adventurous book. This story begins by telling about her long and dangerous voyage with her family from Sweden to America. At first, Kirsten has a hard time adjusting in America but then as soon as she begins to settle and makes friends, she starts to really see what this new land has to offer. She learns about the true meaning of what home is and also a little about love. This story is great for kids wanting to know a little more about what life was like during the pioneer times.

//The Quilt Story//** by Tony Johnston This historical fiction book tells the story of a young pioneer girl and her mother who have a special love for an old quilt. The child is comforted by the familiar quilt through the tumultuos moves around the prairie.
 * [[image:quilt_story.png width="65" height="78"]]

This biography is told in a narrative format and accounts for the extraordinary life of one of the most famous pioneer children: Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the Little House series. It is a condensed version of her series and includes many factual accounts of her life as a pioneer child, early womanhood as a school teacher, and her later life and writing career.
 * Biographies**
 * //Childhood of Famous Americans: Laura Ingalls Wilder Young Pioneer//** by Beatrice Gormley

This nonfiction picture book provides an alphabetical format for facts about pioneer lifestyle. The information in this book includes toys, clothing, chores, crafts, school, home, and special occasions. This book was the main source for our unit plan.
 * NonFiction**
 * //*Pioneer Life from A-Z//** by Bobbie Kalman

This nonfiction picture book features detailed and authoritative accounts of pioneer life including information on who the pioneers were, their motivations for moving westward, how they built and maintained homes on the frontier, defense and livelihood in the treacherous wilderness, as well as a look at famous pioneer children and how they lived, what it was like for women and their families on the frontier, and other historical events and figures. The illustrations the book features are very detailed and provide representations of artifacts from the era and other access features.
 * //Westward Ho! The Story of the Pioneers//** by Lucille Recht Penner

By Robert H Miller Examines the contributions black cowboys have made to this country and to the legacy of the west, focusing on the living of York, Lewis & Clark, Ed "cut nose" Rose, Alvin Coffey, and George Monroe.
 * //Pioneers//**

//**Colonial Cooking**// By Susan Dosier This Book, Colonial Cooking, by Susan Dosier discusses the everyday life, family roles, cooking methods, most important foods, and celebrations of the colonial period in America. It told about children’s chores and how they had to help their children gather and prepare food. Children started doing chores at the age of five or six and they would search the forest for wild mushrooms, onions, mustard plants, dandelion greens, celery, nuts, and fruit. In the evening, children and their families would sit by the fireplace and remove the kernels from ears of core. They would also thread fruits and vegetables on long strings to hang from the ceiling to dry the foods. In colonial homes, the kitchen was the center of daily life. Colonial families cooked, ate, slept, and worked in the kitchen. In the kitchen was a huge fireplace that people back then used for cooking, considering they didn’t have ovens back then. Beans were a very important food to the people because it could be stored. Back then white sugar was more expensive than brown sugar and since people couldn’t afford the white sugar, they would use the brown sugar for cooking. The men were the ones who normally worked on the farms and hunted the meat. This book also contains recipes that people used back then such as Boston Brown Bread, Indian Pudding, Country Captain, and Apple Pie.

//**Everyday History: Going to School**// By Philip Steele This book contains information about what it was like going to school 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age all the way to what school is like now. This book explains how humans discovered how to read and write by listening to older people in their tribes who would serve as their teachers. By the 1600’s, schools existed and only boys attended them because it was thought that a woman’s place was in the kitchen. Kids would start going to school at the age of six or seven and normally attended for roughly seven years. School began at six in the morning and usually finished around four or five in the afternoon. Since schools were relatively small, several classes were help at once in the same room. Children learned to read and write by using a hornbook; which was a wooden board with a handle and stuck onto it was a piece of paper covered with letters and simple spellings that the children would copy onto their slate. Back then parents would also teach their children lessons at home about the Bible and what was right and wrong. At this time, children only spoke when they were spoken to and had to remain silent. Mothers and fathers both taught their children to read. When children attended school 130 years ago, they had to walk long ways to get there. To start and end lessons, there was a hand bell that had to be rung. Classrooms were heated by stoves and lit by oil or gas lamps. There were wooden desks lined up in rows and young children practiced their writing or math on slates. The teacher, who was normally a woman, would write with chalk on a blackboard. Older children used lead pencils or steel nibbled pens dipped in ink wells. Back then, children did have playgrounds. The school yard was used for physical exercise each morning. During their breaks from lessons, the children would play hopscotch or leapfrog, or even skip with ropes. As time went on, by the 1930’s most people in North America could read and write. Children were better dressed and schools began to provide milk and meals before school started. Children began to stay in school longer, at least until they were 14 or 15 years old. Discipline was strict and caning was a threat that was often carried out. Many school enforced uniforms. By the 1950’s and 1960’s, classrooms began to look brighter and more colorful. New school buildings were built with better facilities for more indoor and outdoor activities. Discipline was still strict but not nearly what it used to be. Punishments such as beatings were stopped and children no longer had to wear uniforms in public schools. Children still sat at desks in straight rows. The environment became more relaxed and instead of children only learning a list of facts, they were encouraged to find things out for themselves. Teachers began to cover the walls with their student’s projects instead of dull maps. Now, in classrooms today, teachers use computers and televisions for education. Children type their essays and stories on computers instead of writing on chalkboards. Girls and boys are both forced to attend school and are treated equally.

//**Houses: Shelters from Prehistoric Times to Today**// By Anne Siberell

I think this book is important because it shows how people lived all through out time; from houses in the prehistoric times, to colonial and pioneer times, to now. In prehistoric times, people would use caves for shelter. However over time houses have changed based on our needs. A long time ago, thousands of years, people lived in huts in villages. Huts were made out of wooden poles covered with bark or animal skins. Climates changed and people began using stone for their houses. In the 1600’s, when pilgrims came from Europe, to what is now New England, they found winters to be much colder than what they were used to and built primitive structures made out of wood and thatched roofs. They decided that these houses kept the wind out and the heat in but were not the safest. Pioneers than began to build log homes and houses made out of bricks, which seemed more durable. The brick was made out of sod which was soil combined with roots of grass and weeds. Then people I think this book is important because it shows how people lived all through out time; from houses in the prehistoric times, to colonial and pioneer times, to now. In prehistoric times, people would use caves for shelter. However over time houses have changed based on our needs. A long time ago, thousands of years, people lived in huts in villages. Huts were made out of wooden poles covered with bark or animal skins. Climates changed and people began using stone for their houses. In the 1600’s, when pilgrims came from Europe, to what is now New England, they found winters to be much colder than what they were used to and built primitive structures made out of wood and thatched roofs. They decided that these houses kept the wind out and the heat in but were not the safest. Pioneers than began to build log homes and houses made out of bricks, which seemed more durable. The brick was made out of sod which was soil combined with roots of grass and weeds. Then people I think this book is important because it shows how people lived all through out time; from houses in the prehistoric times, to colonial and pioneer times, to now. In prehistoric times, people would use caves for shelter. However over time houses have changed based on our needs. A long time ago, thousands of years, people lived in huts in villages. Huts were made out of wooden poles covered with bark or animal skins. Climates changed and people began using stone for their houses. In the 1600’s, when pilgrims came from Europe, to what is now New England, they found winters to be much colder than what they were used to and built primitive structures made out of wood and thatched roofs. They decided that these houses kept the wind out and the heat in but were not the safest. Pioneers than began to build log homes and houses made out of bricks, which seemed more durable. The brick was made out of sod which was soil combined with roots of grass and weeds. Then people I think this book is important because it shows how people lived all through out time; from houses in the prehistoric times, to colonial and pioneer times, to now. In prehistoric times, people would use caves for shelter. However over time houses have changed based on our needs. A long time ago, thousands of years, people lived in huts in villages. Huts were made out of wooden poles covered with bark or animal skins. Climates changed and people began using stone for their houses. In the 1600’s, when pilgrims came from Europe, to what is now New England, they found winters to be much colder than what they were used to and built primitive structures made out of wood and thatched roofs. They decided that these houses kept the wind out and the heat in but were not the safest. Pioneers than began to build log homes and houses made out of bricks, which seemed more durable. The brick was made out of sod which was soil combined with roots of grass and weeds. Then people coming to America from Europe brought their building styles with them and people then began to build more elaborate houses. In all parts of the world, as cities became larger, builders/ architects tried to find better ways for people to live. Today people live in apartments and houses around cities called suburbs. Today, materials such as wood, brick, steel, aluminum, glass, concrete, and plastic are all used to build houses.